Comparison of the primary stability achieved by using dental implants with variable thread designs when placed using different drilling techniques. An in vitro bone modular analysis

Aim Missing teeth causes masticatory and esthetic insufficiency in the patient. Dental implants have been considered to be one of the best treatment modalities for tooth replacement. Implants can be placed using different drilling techniques. Implants integrate with the bone and therefore come closest to simulate the natural tooth. Once the implant is placed its primary stability can be measured. Primary stability is the stability of the implant immediately after it is placed into the bone. It is measured using smart pegs and a resonance frequency analysis (RFA)machine. The objective of designing this study was to compare and evaluate the primary stability of different implant systems when placed using three different drilling techniques.

Materials and methods A 16-inch bovine bone was chosen as sample. Six implant systems were chosen having three different macro geometries, namely: true taper, parallel walled taper and parallel walled designs. Five implants were taken from each of the implant system and placed into the bovine bone using three different drilling techniques, namely: conventional, under preparation and reverse drilling protocol. After each implant is placed, primary stability is measured using the corresponding smart pegs and RFA machine. All the values are tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results All implants were placed in the bovine bone and primary stability was measured. It was proven that the implants placed using reverse drilling technique have higher ISQ values compared to conventional and under preparation technique.

Conclusions The ISQ values were significantly higher in reverse drilling technique than in conventional and under preparation technique.